Carcinoma
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What is Carcinoma?
Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer, originating in the epithelial tissue that lines the skin, internal organs, and tubular structures of the body. In ano-rectal and colorectal health, carcinomas primarily affect the lining of the colon, rectum, and anal canal.
Unlike benign growths, carcinoma cells have the potential to invade surrounding tissues and spread through the lymphatic system if not diagnosed and treated in early stages.
Major Types of Carcinoma
Depending on the affected cell structure, carcinomas are categorized into distinct types:
Adenocarcinoma
Develops in mucus-producing glandular tissue. It is the most common form found in colorectal conditions.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Occurs in thin, flat squamous cells lining the anal margin, outer skin, and upper respiratory tract.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Primarily affects the outer epidermal skin layers exposed to sun and continuous friction.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Originates in tissue lining the urinary system, including the bladder and kidney drainage paths.
Diagnosis & Medical Evaluation
At Piles Hospital & Research Centre, early evaluation ensures accurate differentiation between benign anorectal conditions (like piles or fistula) and malignant growths:
- Proctoscopy & Sigmoidoscopy: Visual exam of internal anorectal tissue lining.
- Tissue Biopsy: Precise sample extraction for histopathological analysis.
- Advanced Imaging: CT & MRI scans to determine depth and localized extent.
- Surgical Consultation: Tailored surgical referral and management planning.
